目前，國(guó)內(nèi)外常用的煙氣脫硫方法按其按脫硫過程是否加水和脫硫產(chǎn)物的干濕形態(tài)，可分為：濕法、半干法、干法三大類脫硫工藝。
At present, the commonly used flue gas desulfurization methods at home and abroad can be divided into three types of desulfurization processes: wet, semi-dry and dry according to whether water is added in the desulfurization process and the dry and wet form of the desulfurization products.
01濕法脫硫
01 Wet desulfurization
優(yōu)點(diǎn)：氣液反應(yīng)，反應(yīng)速度快，脫硫效率高，一般均高于90%，技術(shù)成熟，適用面廣。技術(shù)比較成熟，生產(chǎn)運(yùn)行安全可靠，占脫硫總裝機(jī)容量的80%以上。
Advantages: gas-liquid reaction, fast reaction speed, high desulfurization efficiency, generally higher than 90%, mature technology and wide application. The technology is relatively mature, and the production and operation are safe and reliable, accounting for more than 80% of the total installed capacity of desulfurization.
缺點(diǎn)：生成物是液體或淤渣，較難處理，設(shè)備腐蝕性嚴(yán)重，洗滌后煙氣需再熱，能耗高，占地面積大，投資和運(yùn)行費(fèi)用高。系統(tǒng)復(fù)雜、設(shè)備龐大、耗水量大、一次性投資高，一般適用于大型電廠。
Disadvantages: The product is liquid or sludge, which is difficult to treat, the equipment is severely corrosive, the flue gas after washing needs to be reheated, the energy consumption is high, the floor area is large, and the investment and operation costs are high. The system is complex, the equipment is huge, the water consumption is large, and the one-time investment is high, which is generally applicable to large power plants.
技術(shù)路線：石灰石/石灰-石膏法、間接的灰石-石膏法、檸檬吸收法等。
Technical route: limestone/lime-gypsum method, indirect lime-gypsum method, lemon absorption method, etc.
02干法脫硫
02 Dry desulfurization
優(yōu)點(diǎn)：氣固反應(yīng)，相對(duì)于濕法脫硫系統(tǒng)來說，設(shè)備簡(jiǎn)單，占地面積小、投資和運(yùn)行費(fèi)用較低、操作方便、能耗低、生成物便于處置、無污水處理系統(tǒng)等。
Advantages: compared with wet desulfurization system, gas-solid reaction has simple equipment, small floor area, low investment and operation costs, convenient operation, low energy consumption, easy disposal of products, no sewage treatment system, etc.
缺點(diǎn)：反應(yīng)速度慢，脫硫率低，的可達(dá)60-80%。脫硫效率較低，吸收劑利用率低，磨損、結(jié)垢現(xiàn)象比較嚴(yán)重，在設(shè)備維護(hù)方面難度較大，設(shè)備運(yùn)行的穩(wěn)定性、可靠性不高，且壽命較短。
Disadvantages: slow reaction speed, low desulfurization rate, advanced up to 60-80%. The desulfurization efficiency is low, the utilization rate of absorbent is low, the wear and scaling phenomenon is serious, the equipment maintenance is difficult, the stability and reliability of equipment operation is not high, and the service life is short.
技術(shù)路線：活性碳吸附法、電子束輻射法、荷電干式吸收劑噴射法、金屬氧化物脫硫法等。
Technical routes: activated carbon adsorption method, electron beam radiation method, charged dry absorbent injection method, metal oxide desulfurization method, etc.
03半干法脫硫
03 Semi-dry desulfurization
半干法脫硫包括噴霧干燥法脫硫、半干半濕法脫硫、粉末一顆粒噴動(dòng)床脫硫、煙道噴射脫硫等。
Semi dry desulfurization includes spray drying desulfurization, semi dry and semi wet desulfurization, powder particle spouted bed desulfurization, flue jet desulfurization, etc.
1、噴霧干燥法
1. Spray drying
利用機(jī)械或氣流的力量將吸收劑分散成極細(xì)小的霧狀液滴，霧狀液滴與煙氣形成比較大的接觸表面積，在氣液兩相之間發(fā)生的一種熱量交換、質(zhì)量傳遞和化學(xué)反應(yīng)的脫硫方法。一般用的吸收劑是堿液、石灰乳、石灰石漿液等，目前絕大多數(shù)裝置都使用石灰乳作為吸收劑。一般情況下，此種方法的脫硫率65%～85%。
Absorbent is dispersed into very small mist droplets by mechanical or air force. The mist droplets form a relatively large contact surface area with flue gas, which is a desulfurization method of heat exchange, mass transfer and chemical reaction between gas and liquid phases. The commonly used absorbents are lye, lime milk, limestone slurry, etc. At present, most devices use lime milk as absorbent. Generally, the desulfurization rate of this method is 65%~85%.
優(yōu)點(diǎn)：脫硫是在氣、液、固三相狀態(tài)下進(jìn)行，工藝設(shè)備簡(jiǎn)單，生成物為干態(tài)的CaSO3、CaSO4，易處理，沒有嚴(yán)重的設(shè)備腐蝕和堵塞情況，耗水也比較少。
Advantages: Desulfurization is carried out in the gas, liquid and solid three-phase state. The process equipment is simple. The products are dry CaSO3 and CaSO4, which are easy to handle. There is no serious equipment corrosion and blockage, and the water consumption is relatively small.
缺點(diǎn)：自動(dòng)化要求比較高，吸收劑的用量難以控制，吸收效率不是很高。
Disadvantages: the automation requirements are relatively high, the amount of absorbent is difficult to control, and the absorption efficiency is not very high.
2、半干半濕法
2. Semi-dry and semi-wet
介于濕法和干法之間的一種脫硫方法，其脫硫效率和脫硫劑利用率等參數(shù)也介于兩者之間，該方法主要適用于中小鍋爐的煙氣治理。
It is a desulfurization method between wet method and dry method, and its desulfurization efficiency and utilization rate of desulfurizer are also between the two. This method is mainly applicable to flue gas treatment of small and medium-sized boilers.
特點(diǎn)：投資少、運(yùn)行費(fèi)用低，脫硫率雖低于濕法脫硫技術(shù)，但仍可達(dá)到70%，并且腐蝕性小、占地面積少，工藝可靠。工業(yè)中常用的半干半濕法脫硫系統(tǒng)與濕法脫硫系統(tǒng)相比，省去了制漿系統(tǒng)，將濕法脫硫系統(tǒng)中的噴入水溶液改為噴入CaO或Ca(OH)2粉末和水霧。與干法脫硫系統(tǒng)相比，克服了爐內(nèi)噴鈣法SO2和CaO反應(yīng)效率低、反應(yīng)時(shí)間長(zhǎng)的缺點(diǎn)，提高了脫硫劑的利用率，且工藝簡(jiǎn)單。
Features: low investment, low operation cost, desulfurization rate is lower than that of wet desulfurization technology, but it can still reach 70%, with small corrosivity, small floor area and reliable process. Compared with the wet desulfurization system, the semi-dry and semi-wet desulfurization system commonly used in industry omits the pulping system, and the water solution injected into the wet desulfurization system is replaced by CaO or Ca (OH) 2 powder and water mist. Compared with dry desulfurization system, it overcomes the disadvantages of low reaction efficiency and long reaction time of SO2 and CaO by calcium injection in the furnace, improves the utilization rate of desulfurizer, and the process is simple.
04
04
半干法專用濾料
Special filter material for semi-dry process
采用半干法脫硫后，袋式除塵器工況與脫硫后置工藝有所不同，其煙氣中硫氧化物被脫除，但煙氣濕度以及粉塵濃度會(huì)增加。
After semi-dry desulfurization, the working condition of bag filter is different from that of post-desulfurization process. The sulfur oxide in its flue gas is removed, but the flue gas humidity and dust concentration will increase.
元琛科技針對(duì)鋼鐵燒結(jié)半干法專門開發(fā)了超細(xì)面層梯度濾料，以實(shí)測(cè)流場(chǎng)參數(shù)為邊界條件，運(yùn)用CFD技術(shù)對(duì)不同直徑纖維分層組合參數(shù)的模擬優(yōu)化，采用纖度/密度分級(jí)組合的梯度結(jié)構(gòu)，該梯度層狀結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)有利于濾餅形成，粉塵的捕集效率高且設(shè)備運(yùn)行阻力低。
Yuanchen Technology has specially developed ultra-fine surface gradient filter material for the semi-dry sintering process of iron and steel. With the measured flow field parameters as the boundary conditions, it uses CFD technology to simulate and optimize the combination parameters of different diameter fiber layers. The gradient structure of size/density grading combination is adopted. The design of the gradient layer structure is conducive to the formation of filter cake, the dust collection efficiency is high and the equipment operation resistance is low.
產(chǎn)品優(yōu)勢(shì)及特點(diǎn)為：（1）防水防油性能優(yōu)異，有效抵抗高含濕量；（2）易清灰，阻力有效保證；（3）耐沖刷耐磨性能優(yōu)良，有效提高使用壽命；（4）高過濾精度，高可實(shí)現(xiàn)除塵器出口5mg/Nm3排放要求。
The advantages and characteristics of the product are: (1) excellent water and oil resistance, effective resistance to high moisture content; (2) It is easy to clean the dust, and the resistance is effectively guaranteed; (3) Excellent erosion and wear resistance, effectively improving service life; (4) High filtration precision, which can meet the discharge requirement of 5mg/Nm3 at the outlet of the dust collector.
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2023-01-12
