眾所周知，脫硫劑的脫硫方法可分為濕法、干法和半干法三種，其中濕法脫硫效率高，適應(yīng)范圍廣，析出產(chǎn)物石膏可做商品出售等優(yōu)點(diǎn)被廣泛應(yīng)用。而濕法脫硫工藝按照吸收劑不同可以劃分出幾種不同的方法，接下來(lái)高原藍(lán)環(huán)保就帶大家走進(jìn)本篇文章進(jìn)行詳細(xì)了解。
As we all know, the desulfurization methods of desulfurizer can be divided into wet method, dry method and semi dry method. Among them, the wet method is widely used for its high desulfurization efficiency, wide application range, and the precipitated gypsum can be sold as a commodity. The wet desulfurization process can be divided into several different methods according to different absorbents. Next, plateau blue environmental protection will take you to this article for a detailed understanding.
脫硫劑種類(lèi)有很多，比如：MQ脫硫催化劑、MSQ脫硫催化劑、PYS復(fù)合栲膠脫硫催化劑、酞菁鈷脫硫催化劑等，不同的脫硫劑使用的脫硫方法也不同。
There are many kinds of desulfurizing agents, such as MQ desulfurizing catalyst, MSQ desulfurizing catalyst, pYS composite tannin extract desulfurizing catalyst, cobalt phthalocyanine desulfurizing catalyst, etc. Different desulfurizing agents use different desulfurizing methods.
1、石灰石石膏脫硫
1. Limestone gypsum desulfurization
利用石灰石粉加水制作成漿液作為吸收劑，在反應(yīng)塔內(nèi)噴淋吸收煙氣中的二氧化硫等酸性污染氣體，生成亞硫酸鈣后，通過(guò)強(qiáng)制氧化生成含兩個(gè)結(jié)晶水的硫酸鈣，脫硫反應(yīng)產(chǎn)生的晶體石膏，被送到旋流站進(jìn)行初步脫水，然后經(jīng)真空皮帶機(jī)二次脫水，成為石膏產(chǎn)品。該工藝是應(yīng)用較為廣泛和可靠的工藝。
Limestone powder is used to add water to make slurry as absorbent, which is sprayed in the reaction tower to absorb acid pollution gas such as sulfur dioxide in the flue gas. After generating calcium sulfite, calcium sulfate containing two crystal water is generated by forced oxidation. The crystal gypsum produced by desulfurization reaction is sent to the cyclone station for preliminary dehydration, and then dehydrated by the vacuum belt conveyor for secondary dehydration to become gypsum product. This process is widely used and reliable.
2、雙堿法脫硫
2. Double alkali desulfurization
雙堿法煙氣脫硫工藝是為了克服石灰石石膏法容易結(jié)垢的缺點(diǎn)而發(fā)展起來(lái)的。它先用堿或堿金屬鹽類(lèi)如氫氧化鈉、碳酸氫鈉等的水溶液吸收二氧化硫，然后在另一石灰反應(yīng)器中用石灰將吸收二氧化硫后的溶液再生，再生后的吸收液再循環(huán)使用，產(chǎn)物以亞硫酸鈣和石膏形式析出。雙堿法脫硫相對(duì)技術(shù)比較成熟，小型鍋爐、窯爐脫硫除塵大多采用雙堿法，但長(zhǎng)期運(yùn)營(yíng)成本較高。
The double alkali flue gas desulfurization process is developed to overcome the shortcomings of limestone gypsum method which is easy to scale. It first absorbs sulfur dioxide with aqueous solutions of alkali or alkali metal salts such as sodium hydroxide and sodium bicarbonate, and then regenerates the solution after absorbing sulfur dioxide with lime in another lime reactor. The regenerated absorption solution is recycled, and the product is precipitated in the form of calcium sulfite and gypsum. The relative technology of double alkali desulfurization is relatively mature. The double alkali method is mostly used for desulfurization and dust removal of small boilers and kilns, but the long-term operation cost is high.
3、氨法脫硫
3. Ammonia desulfurization
氨或硫酸銨在吸收塔內(nèi)吸收煙氣中的二氧化硫、三氧化硫，生成亞硫酸銨或硫酸銨，其中亞硫酸銨經(jīng)氧化生成硫酸銨，經(jīng)過(guò)脫水、干燥后就得到固體硫酸銨。該工藝的主要技術(shù)特點(diǎn)是脫硫效率高、副產(chǎn)物為直徑0。2～0。6mm的硫酸鐐晶體，在某些地區(qū)可做肥料，整個(gè)系統(tǒng)不產(chǎn)生廢水或廢渣，能耗低。不足之處是一次性投資費(fèi)用和運(yùn)行費(fèi)用較高，受當(dāng)?shù)匕钡膩?lái)源限制，此外副產(chǎn)物硫酸銨的利用途徑要充分考慮。工藝實(shí)施過(guò)程中，氨的泄漏也會(huì)造成環(huán)境問(wèn)題。
Ammonia or ammonium sulfate absorbs sulfur dioxide and sulfur trioxide in the flue gas in the absorption tower to form ammonium sulfite or ammonium sulfate, wherein ammonium sulfite is oxidized to form ammonium sulfate, and solid ammonium sulfate is obtained after dehydration and drying. The main technical features of this process are high desulfurization efficiency and by-products with diameter of 0. 2～0。 6mm sulfuric acid shackle crystal can be used as fertilizer in some areas. The whole system does not produce waste water or slag, and the energy consumption is low. The disadvantages are high one-time investment and operation costs, limited by the local ammonia source, and the utilization of by-product ammonium sulfate should be fully considered. During the process implementation, ammonia leakage will also cause environmental problems.
4、氧化鎂法脫硫
4. Magnesium oxide desulfurization
氧化鎂法脫硫工藝按產(chǎn)物可以分為兩種。
Magnesium oxide desulfurization process can be divided into two types according to products.
（1）回收法: 氧化鎂經(jīng)過(guò)熟化反應(yīng)生成氫氧化鎂，制成一定濃度的氫氧化鎂漿液，在吸收塔內(nèi)氫氧化鎂和二氧化硫反應(yīng)生成亞硫酸鎂，亞硫酸鎂經(jīng)強(qiáng)制氧化生成硫酸鎂，分離干燥后就是固體硫酸鎂。
(1) Recovery method: magnesium oxide generates magnesium hydroxide through maturing reaction to prepare magnesium hydroxide slurry with a certain concentration. Magnesium hydroxide reacts with sulfur dioxide in the absorption tower to generate magnesium sulfite. Magnesium sulfite is forcibly oxidized to generate magnesium sulfate. After separation and drying, it is solid magnesium sulfate.
（2）氧化鎂再生法: 氫氧化鎂在吸收塔內(nèi)和二化硫反應(yīng)生成亞硫酸鎂后，抑制亞硫酸鎂生成硫鎂，將其分離、干燥、焙燒后，產(chǎn)生氧化鎂和二氧化硫富氣，氧化鎂循環(huán)再用，而二氧化硫富氣用于制造硫酸。
(2) Magnesium oxide regeneration method: after magnesium hydroxide reacts with sulfur dioxide in the absorption tower to generate magnesium sulfite, it inhibits magnesium sulfite from generating magnesium sulfate. After separation, drying and roasting, magnesium oxide and sulfur dioxide rich gas are generated. Magnesium oxide is recycled, and sulfur dioxide rich gas is used to produce sulfuric acid.
5、海水脫硫法
5. Seawater desulfurization method
海水通常呈弱堿性，因而海水具有天然地吸收二氧化硫的能力。國(guó)外一些脫硫公司利用海水的這種特性，成功地開(kāi)發(fā)出海水脫硫工藝。該工藝不產(chǎn)生任何廢棄物，具有技術(shù)成熟、工藝簡(jiǎn)單、系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行可靠、脫硫效率高等特點(diǎn)，在一些沿海國(guó)家和地區(qū)得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用。
Seawater is generally weakly alkaline, so seawater has the ability to naturally absorb sulfur dioxide. Some foreign desulfurization companies have successfully developed seawater desulfurization process by taking advantage of this characteristic of seawater. This process does not produce any waste, and has the characteristics of mature technology, simple process, reliable system operation and high desulfurization efficiency. It has been widely used in some coastal countries and regions.
6、鈉堿法脫硫
6. Sodium alkali desulfurization
鈉堿法脫硫是先用活性非常強(qiáng)的鈉堿作為吸收劑吸收二氧化硫，然后再用鈣堿對(duì)吸收液進(jìn)行再生，由于在吸收和吸收液處理中使用了不同類(lèi)型的堿，故稱(chēng)為鈉鈣雙堿法。鈉堿法脫硫一般只有一個(gè)循環(huán)水池，在清除循環(huán)水池內(nèi)的灰渣時(shí)煙灰、反應(yīng)生成物亞硫酸鈣、硫酸鈣及石灰渣和未完全反應(yīng)的石灰同時(shí)被清除，清出的灰渣是一種混合物不易被利用而形成廢渣。
Sodium alkali desulfurization is to absorb sulfur dioxide with very active sodium alkali as absorbent, and then regenerate the absorption solution with calcium alkali. Because different types of alkali are used in the absorption and absorption solution treatment, it is called sodium calcium double alkali method. Generally, there is only one circulating water tank for sodium alkali desulfurization. When the ash in the circulating water tank is removed, the soot, the reaction products calcium sulfite, calcium sulfate, lime slag and the incompletely reacted lime are removed at the same time. The cleaned ash is a mixture that is not easy to be used to form waste slag.
綜合來(lái)看，石灰石石膏脫硫是比較傳統(tǒng)的濕法脫硫技術(shù)，也是運(yùn)用廣泛的方法之一，相對(duì)的海水脫硫、氨法脫硫和鈉堿法脫硫都有一定的限制條件。
In general, limestone gypsum desulfurization is a relatively traditional wet desulfurization technology and one of the widely used methods. Compared with seawater desulfurization, ammonia desulfurization and sodium alkali desulfurization, there are certain restrictions.
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